Using a high-temperature and high-pressure ultrasonic reactor, the hydrothermal cracking reaction of vacuum residue of Huizhou Refinery. The gas product composition, liquid product composition, reaction coke SEM morphology, and element analysis were investigated to discuss the mechanism of hydrothermal cracking reaction under the effect of ultrasonic wave. The results show that there is no significant difference in the yield of gas products in hydrothermal cracking reaction mechanism of the residue under the effect of ultrasonic wave and the production rate of light oil has been increased slightly while that of coke has been slightly reduced. The angularity of the coke particles is relatively smooth and the pore structure appears, indicating that under the effect of ultrasonic wave, the hydrothermal cracking reaction of residual oil is mainly based on the radical thermal reaction mechanism and the cavatition of ultrasonic wave can promote the residuum to have cracking reaction so that the production rate of light oil has been slightly increased. The mechanical effect of ultrasonic wave causes the raw coke precursor suspended in the residue to oscillate violently, so as to prevent its polymerization, thus having reduced coking, the large increase of Ni in the coke indicates that the catalyst provides a coking center for coking.

Yumen oil sands were chosen as the experimental material to separated oil from oil sands through wet-grinding by light oil and washing treatment by washing agent. The tailing sands were characterized by XRD. The factors includingamount of light oil, amount of washing agent, concentration of washing agent, reaction temperature were also studied. The results showed under the reaction conditions of mass ratio of naphtha to oil sands 0.15, mass ratio of washing agent to oil sands 1.5, concentration of washing agent 8%,reaction temperature 80 ℃, the oil recovery could be up to 96.5%.

Crude oil has the tendency to become heavier and inferior，and thus the processing and utilization of the residue is the major subject in oil refining industry. According to its physical properties, chemical structures and processing methods, the processes data about thermal conversion reaction, resin and asphaltene, saturate and aromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, desulfurization and denitrification has been summarized and analyzed, and results showed that dealkylation and condensation of resin and asphaltene would occur, and ring-opening and dealkylation reaction of saturate and aromatics would happen, and hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons went through carbonium reaction mechanism, while the denitrogenation and desulfurization of residue was based on Lewis acid base interaction.

Using selfdeveloped LSW201 additive, the effects of intensifying distillation on Oman crude oil were determined at different concentrations by simple distillation．After using LSW201 additives in vacuum distillation devices of Luoyang petrochemical refinery, LWS201 1# additive was very good. The experimental and industrial results show that LSW201 additive for crude oil distillation has a good strengthening effect, the best mass fraction of additive is 100～120 μg/g.

The ternary phase diagrams of diesel oil, water, cosurfactant and surfactant system were plotted. The effect of various parameters, such as HydrophileLipophile Balance( HLB) value, the mass ratio of cosurfactant to surfactant and other parameters, on the stability of emulsifying diesel oil, was studied by using the phase change of the ternary phase diagram. It was shown that the compound of different HLB value, weak base of additive, mass ratio of cosurfactant to surfactant had a great influence on the ternary phase diagram of emulsified diesel. The largest emulsion region of the ternary phase diagram was obtained when HLB value was 5.8 for the compound of Span 80 and Tween 60 and the mass ratio of cosurfactant to surfactant was 0.3 in alkaline environment. The experimental results show that the effect of emulsifying diesel oil was best during the minimum dosage of mixed emulsifier.

The synergy effect of microwave/peroxide degradation of the methyleneblue in water is investigated in this study. The initial concentration of substrate, pH, and amount of hydrogen peroxide are examined to see their effect on the degradation performance, respectively. The results show that microwave and hydrogen peroxide have obvious synergy on degradation of methylene blue. In this experiment, the more concentrated of hydrogen peroxide, the more degradation to the methyleneblue. The degradation is enhanced noticeably under appropriate pH, the lowest degradation is noticed at the pH of 6～7. With higher initial concentration of methylene blue, the degradation rate is reduced. The degradation of methyleneblue is a first order reaction, of which the reaction rate constant is 0.189 8 min-1 and the activation energy is 2.76 kJ/mol. The degradation rate can be as high as 95.0%～96.0% in the following conditions: initial concentration 50～70 mg/L, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide 1.0wt%, 473 K for 7 min, pH=3 or 12.

A number of preliminary studies have been done to demetallize the Liaohe wax with the ultrasound-assisting method, and the ultrasonic parameters on the effect of demetallization have been studied. The results showed that the impact of demetallization with the ultrasound were better than that without the ultrasound, which can be achieved high rate of demetallization within a short period of time. The effect of demetallization is the best when the ultrasonic frequency is 28 kHz, the manner of ultrasonic effectiveness is consecutive and the ultrasonic intensity is 10 W/cm2, then the removal rate of Zn is 90%, and the removal rates of Ca and Ni are above 80%.